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2026-08-25 17:07:31 +02:00

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V

// fuzz.v — grammar-driven fuzzer for the compiler and VM.
//
// vr fuzz [--seed N] [--iters N] [--max-ops N] [--save-dir DIR]
//
// Each iteration generates a random VuurRaaf program from a small typed
// grammar (ints, floats, strings, booleans, arrays, structs/maps, closures,
// if/while, functions, try/catch), compiles it, and runs it twice with an
// instruction budget — all inside a fresh `vr fuzz --child` subprocess, so a
// crash in the generator, the compiler, or the VM is isolated to that one
// case and the run continues.
//
// Findings (each saved as a .vr repro in --save-dir, default ./fuzz-repros/):
// * crash — the child died (segfault / V panic) in any phase
// * hang — caught by the --max-ops instruction budget
// * nondeterminism — the same program produced different output across runs
module main
import os
import compiler
import obj
import linker
import vm
struct Rng {
mut:
state u64
}
fn (mut r Rng) next() u64 {
r.state ^= r.state << 13
r.state ^= r.state >> 7
r.state ^= r.state << 17
return r.state
}
fn (mut r Rng) intn(n int) int {
if n <= 0 {
return 0
}
return int(r.next() % u64(n))
}
fn (mut r Rng) pick_str(items []string) string {
return items[r.intn(items.len)]
}
// FuzzCtx carries the random generator plus the helper functions the
// generator may reference from generated expressions.
struct FuzzCtx {
mut:
rng Rng
helper []string // helper function names
helper_ar []int // argument counts, parallel to helper
vars []string // names declared in the function being generated
}
const fuzz_int_ops = ['+', '-', '*', '/', '%']
const fuzz_cmp_ops = ['==', '!=', '<', '<=', '>', '>=']
const fuzz_bool_ops = ['and', 'or']
const fuzz_bools = ['true', 'false']
const fuzz_names = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
fn toolchain_fuzz(args []string) ! {
if args.len > 0 && args[0] == '--child' {
// worker mode: generate + compile + run one seed, report via stderr
if args.len < 3 {
return error('fuzz --child needs <seed> <outdir> [max_ops]')
}
seed := args[1].u64()
outdir := args[2]
mut max_ops := i64(200000)
if args.len > 3 {
max_ops = args[3].i64()
}
fuzz_child(seed, outdir, max_ops)!
return
}
mut seed := u64(1)
mut iters := 500
mut max_ops := i64(200000)
mut save_dir := 'fuzz-repros'
mut i := 0
for i < args.len {
a := args[i]
if a == '--seed' && i + 1 < args.len {
seed = args[i + 1].u64()
i += 2
} else if a == '--iters' && i + 1 < args.len {
iters = args[i + 1].int()
i += 2
} else if a == '--max-ops' && i + 1 < args.len {
max_ops = args[i + 1].i64()
i += 2
} else if a == '--save-dir' && i + 1 < args.len {
save_dir = args[i + 1]
i += 2
} else {
return error('unknown fuzz option "${a}" (supported: --seed N, --iters N, --max-ops N, --save-dir DIR)')
}
}
os.mkdir_all(save_dir) or { return error('cannot create save dir ${save_dir}: ${err}') }
exe := os.executable()
tmpdir := os.join_path(os.temp_dir(), 'vr_fuzz_${os.getpid()}')
os.mkdir_all(tmpdir) or { return error('cannot create ${tmpdir}: ${err}') }
defer {
os.rmdir_all(tmpdir) or {}
}
println('fuzz: seed=${seed} iters=${iters} max-ops=${max_ops} save-dir=${save_dir}')
println('fuzz: each case runs in its own subprocess; findings are saved as .vr repros')
mut bugs := 0
mut compiled := 0
mut ran := 0
mut compile_fail := 0
mut runtime_err := 0
mut nondet := 0
for it in 0..iters {
if it % 50 == 0 {
println('fuzz: iter ${it}/${iters} (compiled=${compiled} bugs=${bugs})')
}
cur_seed := seed + u64(it)
os.rmdir_all(os.join_path(tmpdir, 'case')) or {}
outdir := os.join_path(tmpdir, 'case')
os.mkdir_all(outdir) or {}
run1 := os.execute('"${exe}" fuzz --child ${cur_seed} "${outdir}" ${max_ops}')
ran++
// classify crashes: anything that is not a clean exit-0 handshake
ok1 := run1.exit_code == 0 && (run1.output.contains('RUN_OK') || run1.output.contains('COMPILE_FAIL') || run1.output.contains('VM_ERR') || run1.output.contains('HANG'))
if !ok1 {
phase := crash_phase(outdir)
eprintln('fuzz: CRASH (exit ${run1.exit_code}, phase=${phase}) at iter ${it} seed ${cur_seed}')
bugs++
save_repro(save_dir, cur_seed, it, outdir, phase)
continue
}
if run1.output.contains('COMPILE_FAIL') {
compile_fail++
continue
}
if run1.output.contains('VM_ERR') || run1.output.contains('HANG') {
runtime_err++
continue
}
compiled++
// determinism: run the identical case again and compare output
run2 := os.execute('"${exe}" fuzz --child ${cur_seed} "${outdir}" ${max_ops}')
ran++
if run2.exit_code != 0 || run2.output != run1.output {
eprintln('fuzz: NONDETERMINISM at iter ${it} seed ${cur_seed}')
println('run1 (exit ${run1.exit_code}): ${run1.output}')
println('run2 (exit ${run2.exit_code}): ${run2.output}')
nondet++
bugs++
save_repro(save_dir, cur_seed, it, outdir, 'nondeterminism')
}
}
println('')
println('fuzz: done — ${iters} iterations, ${compiled} compiled, ${ran} runs')
println('fuzz: compile-fail=${compile_fail} runtime-errors=${runtime_err} bugs=${bugs} nondeterminism=${nondet}')
if bugs > 0 {
println('fuzz: BUGS FOUND — repros saved in ${save_dir}/')
exit(1)
}
println('fuzz: no bugs found')
}
// crash_phase inspects the worker's output dir to say where the crash happened.
fn crash_phase(outdir string) string {
case_file := os.join_path(outdir, 'case.vr')
if !os.exists(case_file) {
return 'generator'
}
if !os.exists(os.join_path(outdir, 'compiled.ok')) {
return 'compiler'
}
return 'vm'
}
// save_repro copies the failing case's source into the save dir.
fn save_repro(dir string, seed u64, iter int, outdir string, what string) {
src := os.read_file(os.join_path(outdir, 'case.vr')) or {
// generator crash: no source was produced; record the seed
note := os.join_path(dir, 'repro_seed${seed}_iter${iter}.seed')
os.write_file(note, 'seed=${seed}\nphase=${what}\n') or {}
eprintln('fuzz: saved seed note -> ${note}')
return
}
repro_path := os.join_path(dir, 'repro_seed${seed}_iter${iter}.vr')
os.write_file(repro_path, '// repro: ${what}\n// seed=${seed}\n\n${src}') or {}
eprintln('fuzz: saved repro -> ${repro_path}')
}
// fuzz_child is the worker: generate one program, save it, compile it, and run
// it with an instruction budget. Contract with the parent:
// stderr 'COMPILE_FAIL' — program did not compile (expected)
// stderr 'VM_ERR' — program ran but raised a runtime error (expected)
// stderr 'HANG' — the max-ops budget fired (expected)
// stderr 'RUN_OK' — program finished; stdout is its output
// Any other termination (nonzero exit, panic, segfault) is a finding.
fn fuzz_child(seed u64, outdir string, max_ops i64) ! {
src := gen_program(seed)
os.write_file(os.join_path(outdir, 'case.vr'), src) or {
return error('cannot write case: ${err}')
}
o := compiler.compile(src) or {
eprintln('COMPILE_FAIL')
return
}
os.write_file(os.join_path(outdir, 'compiled.ok'), 'ok') or {}
tmp_obj := os.join_path(outdir, 'case.vobj')
tmp_bin := os.join_path(outdir, 'case.vbin')
obj.write(tmp_obj, o) or { return error('obj write: ${err}') }
linker.link([tmp_obj], tmp_bin) or {
eprintln('LINK_FAIL: ${err}')
return
}
bin := obj.read_bin(tmp_bin) or { return error('bin read: ${err}') }
vm.run_opts(bin, 'main', vm.RunOpts{ max_ops: max_ops }) or {
msg := err.msg()
if msg.contains('max ops exceeded') {
eprintln('HANG')
} else {
eprintln('VM_ERR')
}
return
}
eprintln('RUN_OK')
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// program generation
fn gen_program(seed u64) string {
mut ctx := FuzzCtx{ rng: Rng{ state: if seed == 0 { u64(1) } else { seed } } }
mut out := ''
// random helper functions (0..3)
n_helpers := ctx.rng.intn(4)
for h in 0..n_helpers {
fname := 'h${h}'
ctx.helper << fname
ctx.helper_ar << ctx.rng.intn(3)
out += gen_fn(mut ctx, fname, 2)
}
out += 'fn main() {\n'
out += gen_body(mut ctx, 3)
out += '\tprintln("done")\n}\n'
return out
}
// gen_fn generates a function declaration. depth bounds expression nesting.
fn gen_fn(mut ctx FuzzCtx, fname string, depth int) string {
params := ctx.rng.intn(4)
mut out := 'fn ${fname}('
mut param_names := []string{}
for i in 0..params {
p := fuzz_names[ctx.rng.intn(fuzz_names.len)]
param_names << p
if i > 0 {
out += ', '
}
out += p
}
out += ') {\n'
ctx.vars = []string{}
for p in param_names {
ctx.vars << p
out += '\tlet ${p} = ${p}\n' // re-bind so params are named locals
}
e := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth, 0)
out += '\tlet r = ${e}\n'
out += '\treturn r\n}\n'
return out
}
// gen_body generates statements for a function body.
fn gen_body(mut ctx FuzzCtx, depth int) string {
mut out := ''
n := ctx.rng.intn(6)
for i in 0..n {
out += gen_stmt(mut ctx, depth)
}
return out
}
fn gen_stmt(mut ctx FuzzCtx, depth int) string {
// control-flow statements recurse into gen_body with depth-1 and are only
// allowed above depth 0, so nested if/while/try cannot grow unboundedly
// below depth 1 only leaf statements (let/assign/expr/push) are allowed,
// so nested control flow cannot grow unboundedly
mut t := ctx.rng.intn(7)
if depth <= 0 {
t = match ctx.rng.intn(4) {
0 { 0 }
1 { 1 }
2 { 4 }
else { 5 }
}
}
match t {
0 { // let with expression (declares a fresh name)
v := fuzz_names[ctx.rng.intn(fuzz_names.len)]
ctx.vars << v
e := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth, 0)
return '\tlet ${v} = ${e}\n'
}
1 { // assignment to an existing var (or a let when none exist)
if ctx.vars.len > 0 {
v := ctx.vars[ctx.rng.intn(ctx.vars.len)]
e := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth, 0)
return '\t${v} = ${e}\n'
}
v := fuzz_names[ctx.rng.intn(fuzz_names.len)]
ctx.vars << v
e := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth, 0)
return '\tlet ${v} = ${e}\n'
}
2 { // if/else
cond := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth, 0)
b1 := gen_body(mut ctx, depth - 1)
b2 := gen_body(mut ctx, depth - 1)
return '\tif ${cond} {\n${b1}' + '\t} else {\n${b2}' + '\t}\n'
}
3 { // while with random condition (sometimes true: exercises max-ops)
cond := if ctx.rng.intn(4) == 0 { 'true' } else { gen_expr(mut ctx, depth, 0) }
return '\twhile ${cond} {\n${gen_body(mut ctx, depth - 1)}' + '\t}\n'
}
4 { // expression statement
e := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth, 0)
return '\t${e}\n'
}
5 { // push to array
if ctx.vars.len == 0 {
return '\tlet a = []\n'
}
v := ctx.vars[ctx.rng.intn(ctx.vars.len)]
e := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth, 0)
return '\t${v} = push(${v}, ${e})\n'
}
else { // try/catch
return '\ttry {\n${gen_body(mut ctx, depth - 1)}' + '\t} catch e {\n\t\tlet msg = e\n\t}\n'
}
}
return ''
}
// gen_expr generates a random expression; depth bounds nesting.
fn gen_expr(mut ctx FuzzCtx, depth int, ty int) string {
if depth <= 0 || ctx.rng.intn(3) == 0 {
return gen_atom(mut ctx, ty)
}
// pick a construct compatible with the requested type (0 = any)
mut choices := [0, 4, 6, 11] // variable, literal, len, call
if ty == 0 || ty == 1 {
choices << 0 // arithmetic
choices << 5 // array index
choices << 9 // struct field
}
if ty == 0 || ty == 3 {
choices << 1 // comparison -> bool
choices << 2 // boolean ops
choices << 3 // not
}
if ty == 0 || ty == 4 {
choices << 7 // string concat
}
if ty == 0 || ty == 5 {
choices << 8 // struct literal
}
t := choices[ctx.rng.intn(choices.len)]
match t {
0 { // arithmetic -> int
a := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 1)
op := ctx.rng.pick_str(fuzz_int_ops)
b := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 1)
return '(${a} ${op} ${b})'
}
1 { // comparison -> bool
a := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 1)
op := ctx.rng.pick_str(fuzz_cmp_ops)
b := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 1)
return '(${a} ${op} ${b})'
}
2 { // boolean ops -> bool
a := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 3)
op := ctx.rng.pick_str(fuzz_bool_ops)
b := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 3)
return '(${a} ${op} ${b})'
}
3 { // not -> bool
e := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 3)
return 'not (${e})'
}
4 { // array literal of ints
n := ctx.rng.intn(4)
mut parts := []string{}
for i in 0..n {
parts << gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 1)
}
return '[${parts.join(', ')}]'
}
5 { // array index -> int
if ctx.vars.len == 0 {
n := ctx.rng.intn(21) - 10
return '${n}'
}
v := ctx.vars[ctx.rng.intn(ctx.vars.len)]
ix := ctx.rng.intn(5)
return '${v}[${ix}]'
}
6 { // len() -> int
if ctx.vars.len == 0 {
n := ctx.rng.intn(21) - 10
return '${n}'
}
v := ctx.vars[ctx.rng.intn(ctx.vars.len)]
return 'len(${v})'
}
7 { // string concat -> string
a := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 4)
b := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 4)
return '(${a} + ${b})'
}
8 { // struct literal
mut parts := []string{}
n := 1 + ctx.rng.intn(3)
for i in 0..n {
e := gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 1)
parts << '"f${i}": ${e}'
}
return '{${parts.join(', ')}}'
}
9 { // struct field access -> int
if ctx.vars.len == 0 {
n := ctx.rng.intn(21) - 10
return '${n}'
}
v := ctx.vars[ctx.rng.intn(ctx.vars.len)]
return '${v}.f${ctx.rng.intn(3)}'
}
11 { // call a helper
if ctx.helper.len > 0 {
h := ctx.rng.intn(ctx.helper.len)
np := ctx.helper_ar[h]
mut args := []string{}
for i in 0..np {
args << gen_expr(mut ctx, depth - 1, 1)
}
hname := ctx.helper[h]
return '${hname}(${args.join(', ')})'
}
return gen_atom(mut ctx, ty)
}
else {
return gen_atom(mut ctx, ty)
}
}
}
fn gen_params_decl(mut ctx FuzzCtx) string {
n := ctx.rng.intn(3)
mut parts := []string{}
for i in 0..n {
parts << fuzz_names[ctx.rng.intn(fuzz_names.len)]
}
return parts.join(', ')
}
// gen_atom generates a leaf expression of the requested type (0 = any).
fn gen_atom(mut ctx FuzzCtx, ty int) string {
match ty {
1 { // int
n := ctx.rng.intn(21) - 10
return '${n}'
}
2 { // float
n := ctx.rng.intn(101)
return '${f64(n) / 10.0}'
}
3 { // bool
return ctx.rng.pick_str(fuzz_bools)
}
4 { // string
n := ctx.rng.intn(100)
return '"s${n}"'
}
else { // any: mostly ints, sometimes a variable or a string
t := ctx.rng.intn(10)
if t < 5 {
n := ctx.rng.intn(21) - 10
return '${n}'
}
if t < 7 {
n := ctx.rng.intn(101)
return '${f64(n) / 10.0}'
}
if t < 8 {
return ctx.rng.pick_str(fuzz_bools)
}
if t < 9 {
n := ctx.rng.intn(100)
return '"s${n}"'
}
if ctx.vars.len > 0 {
return ctx.vars[ctx.rng.intn(ctx.vars.len)]
}
n := ctx.rng.intn(21) - 10
return '${n}'
}
}
}