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Enhacnementsand toolchain

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allexanderbergmns
2026-08-24 15:35:11 +02:00
parent 8a4068631c
commit f77f9d4dff
19 changed files with 3071 additions and 45 deletions
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compiler/compiler.v
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// compiler.v — bytecode code generator for VuurRaaf.
//
// Compiles a parsed program into a VROBJ object file: flat bytecode plus a
// symbol per function and a relocation per call site. Call targets are left as
// relocations and resolved by the linker, so functions may live in other files.
module compiler
import os
import obj
// opcodes — keep in sync with vm/vm.v and assembler/assembler.v
const op_halt = u8(0)
const op_push_i = u8(1)
const op_push_s = u8(2)
const op_load = u8(3)
const op_store = u8(4)
const op_pop = u8(5)
const op_dup = u8(6)
const op_add = u8(7)
const op_sub = u8(8)
const op_mul = u8(9)
const op_div = u8(10)
const op_mod = u8(11)
const op_neg = u8(12)
const op_eq = u8(13)
const op_ne = u8(14)
const op_lt = u8(15)
const op_le = u8(16)
const op_gt = u8(17)
const op_ge = u8(18)
const op_and = u8(19)
const op_or = u8(20)
const op_not = u8(21)
const op_jmp = u8(22)
const op_jz = u8(23)
const op_jnz = u8(24)
const op_call = u8(25)
const op_ret = u8(26)
const op_retv = u8(27)
const op_print = u8(28)
const op_println = u8(29)
const op_assert = u8(30)
const op_enter = u8(31)
// compile parses and compiles VuurRaaf source into an object file.
pub fn compile(src string) !obj.Obj {
toks := tokenize(src)!
prog := parse(toks)!
return gen(prog)
}
pub fn compile_file(path string) !obj.Obj {
src := os.read_file(path)!
return compile(src)!
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct Fixup {
name string
off u32
}
struct Gen {
mut:
code []u8
strings []string
str_map map[string]int
symbols []obj.Symbol
relocs []obj.Reloc
locals map[string]int
local_cnt int
argc int
cur_fn string
labels map[string]int
fixups []Fixup
enter_off u32
next_lbl int
}
fn gen(prog Program) !obj.Obj {
mut g := Gen{}
for fd in prog.fns {
g.gen_fn(fd)!
}
return obj.Obj{
symbols: g.symbols
strings: g.strings
code: g.code
relocs: g.relocs
}
}
fn (mut g Gen) gen_fn(fd FnDecl) ! {
g.cur_fn = fd.name
g.symbols << obj.Symbol{ name: fd.name, entry: g.code.len }
g.locals.clear()
g.local_cnt = 0
g.argc = fd.params.len
for i, p in fd.params {
g.locals[p] = i
}
g.local_cnt = g.argc
// `enter n` reserves the non-parameter locals; n is patched once the body
// has been scanned.
g.code << op_enter
g.enter_off = u32(g.code.len)
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
for st in fd.body {
g.gen_stmt(st)!
}
g.code << op_ret // trailing return for fall-through
obj.patch_i64(mut g.code, g.enter_off, i64(g.local_cnt - g.argc))
// resolve intra-function jump targets
for f in g.fixups {
target := g.labels[f.name] or {
return error('internal error: unresolved label ${f.name} in fn ${fd.name}')
}
obj.patch_i64(mut g.code, f.off, i64(target))
}
g.fixups.clear()
g.labels.clear()
g.cur_fn = ''
}
fn (mut g Gen) gen_stmt(st Stmt) ! {
match st.kind {
.expr_stmt {
g.gen_expr(st.expr)!
// print/println already consume their value; everything else
// leaves one on the stack that must be discarded
if st.expr.kind == .call && (st.expr.name == 'print' || st.expr.name == 'println') {
// nothing to discard
} else {
g.code << op_pop
}
}
.let_stmt {
g.gen_expr(st.expr)!
idx := g.local_cnt
g.local_cnt++
g.locals[st.target] = idx
g.code << op_store
g.code << obj.encode_i64(i64(idx))
}
.assign_stmt {
idx := g.locals[st.target] or {
return error('unknown variable "${st.target}" at line ${st.line}')
}
g.gen_expr(st.expr)!
g.code << op_store
g.code << obj.encode_i64(i64(idx))
}
.if_stmt {
else_l := g.new_label()
end_l := g.new_label()
g.gen_expr(st.cond)!
g.code << op_jz
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: else_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
for s in st.body {
g.gen_stmt(s)!
}
g.code << op_jmp
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: end_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
g.emit_label(else_l)
for s in st.els {
g.gen_stmt(s)!
}
g.emit_label(end_l)
}
.while_stmt {
loop_l := g.new_label()
end_l := g.new_label()
g.emit_label(loop_l)
g.gen_expr(st.cond)!
g.code << op_jz
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: end_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
for s in st.body {
g.gen_stmt(s)!
}
g.code << op_jmp
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: loop_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
g.emit_label(end_l)
}
.ret_stmt {
if st.has_val {
g.gen_expr(st.expr)!
g.code << op_retv
} else {
g.code << op_ret
}
}
.assert_stmt {
g.gen_expr(st.expr)!
g.code << op_assert
}
}
}
fn (mut g Gen) gen_expr(e Expr) ! {
match e.kind {
.int_lit {
g.code << op_push_i
g.code << obj.encode_i64(e.int_v)
}
.str_lit {
// the index is a placeholder; the linker rebases it via a string
// relocation so multi-file links keep working
g.code << op_push_s
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.relocs << obj.Reloc{ offset: u32(g.code.len) - 8, name: e.str_v, kind: 1 }
}
.bool_lit {
g.code << op_push_i
g.code << obj.encode_i64(e.int_v)
}
.ident {
idx := g.locals[e.name] or {
return error('unknown variable "${e.name}" at line ${e.line}')
}
g.code << op_load
g.code << obj.encode_i64(i64(idx))
}
.unary {
g.gen_expr(*e.right)!
if e.op == .kw_not {
g.code << op_not
} else {
g.code << op_neg
}
}
.binary {
g.gen_binary(e)!
}
.call {
g.gen_call(e)!
}
}
}
fn (mut g Gen) gen_call(e Expr) ! {
if e.name == 'print' || e.name == 'println' {
if e.args.len != 1 {
return error('${e.name}() takes exactly one argument (line ${e.line})')
}
g.gen_expr(e.args[0])!
g.code << if e.name == 'print' { op_print } else { op_println }
return
}
for a in e.args {
g.gen_expr(a)!
}
g.code << op_call
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0) // placeholder — patched by the linker
g.relocs << obj.Reloc{ offset: u32(g.code.len) - 8, name: e.name, kind: 0 }
g.code << obj.encode_i64(i64(e.args.len)) // argc
}
fn (mut g Gen) gen_binary(e Expr) ! {
match e.op {
.kw_and {
// a and b → short-circuit: if !a or !b then 0 else 1
false_l := g.new_label()
end_l := g.new_label()
g.gen_expr(*e.left)!
g.code << op_jz
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: false_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
g.gen_expr(*e.right)!
g.code << op_jz
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: false_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
g.code << op_push_i
g.code << obj.encode_i64(1)
g.code << op_jmp
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: end_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
g.emit_label(false_l)
g.code << op_push_i
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.emit_label(end_l)
}
.kw_or {
// a or b → short-circuit: if a or b then 1 else 0
true_l := g.new_label()
end_l := g.new_label()
g.gen_expr(*e.left)!
g.code << op_jnz
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: true_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
g.gen_expr(*e.right)!
g.code << op_jnz
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: true_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
g.code << op_push_i
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.code << op_jmp
g.code << obj.encode_i64(0)
g.fixups << Fixup{ name: end_l, off: u32(g.code.len) - 8 }
g.emit_label(true_l)
g.code << op_push_i
g.code << obj.encode_i64(1)
g.emit_label(end_l)
}
else {
g.gen_expr(*e.left)!
g.gen_expr(*e.right)!
op := match e.op {
.plus { op_add }
.minus { op_sub }
.star { op_mul }
.slash { op_div }
.percent { op_mod }
.eq_eq { op_eq }
.not_eq { op_ne }
.lt { op_lt }
.le { op_le }
.gt { op_gt }
.ge { op_ge }
else {
return error('unsupported binary operator at line ${e.line}')
}
}
g.code << op
}
}
}
fn (mut g Gen) intern(s string) int {
if s in g.str_map {
return g.str_map[s]
}
idx := g.strings.len
g.strings << s
g.str_map[s] = idx
return idx
}
fn (mut g Gen) new_label() string {
g.next_lbl++
return 'L${g.next_lbl}'
}
fn (mut g Gen) emit_label(name string) {
g.labels[name] = g.code.len
}